External FFP Usage

Doing a bit of nerdy personal research...
Basically comparing a lot of FFPs earn at different elite levels then the burn on the earning FFP and partners. One first finding is that if the airline operates the route on their metal, they tend to offer a lower RoGC (Required Miles/ (Great Circle Distance times 2)).
How do airlines compensate other airlines for award tickets? For example, FFP member on Beer Airlines uses an award on Baileys Airlines. Does Beer pay Baileys a transfer price? Is there an offset between the two based on award tickets? Totally free for Beer?
Basically comparing a lot of FFPs earn at different elite levels then the burn on the earning FFP and partners. One first finding is that if the airline operates the route on their metal, they tend to offer a lower RoGC (Required Miles/ (Great Circle Distance times 2)).
How do airlines compensate other airlines for award tickets? For example, FFP member on Beer Airlines uses an award on Baileys Airlines. Does Beer pay Baileys a transfer price? Is there an offset between the two based on award tickets? Totally free for Beer?